Introduction to Arduino and the IDE

아두이노 에코시스템, 하드웨어 종류, Arduino IDE 설치 개요.

What is Arduino?

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform pairing simple microcontroller hardware with an approachable software environment. An Arduino board reads inputs — a light sensor, a button, a temperature reading — and turns them into outputs: activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing data online.

The ecosystem includes dozens of official boards, thousands of third-party clones, and an enormous library of community code — making it the most accessible entry point to physical computing.

Common Boards

For this track, the Uno or Nano is recommended — both are low-cost, well-documented, and have nearly identical pinouts.

Installing the IDE

1. Download Arduino IDE 2.x from arduino.cc/en/software
2. Run the installer (Windows: .exe, macOS: .dmg, Linux: AppImage)
3. On first launch, accept the prompt to install the USB driver (CH340 / CP2102 for clone boards)
4. Connect your board via USB — the IDE should detect it under Tools → Port

Your First Sketch: Blink

The Blink sketch is the “Hello World” of Arduino:

void setup() {
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); // built-in LED is pin 13 on Uno/Nano
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn LED on
  delay(1000);                     // wait 1 second
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);  // turn LED off
  delay(1000);                     // wait 1 second
}

Open it from File → Examples → 01.Basics → Blink, upload with the ▶ button, and watch the amber LED on the board blink once per second.

Key Concepts

• setup() runs once when the board powers on — use it for pin configuration
• loop() runs forever in a tight loop — all main program logic goes here
• delay(ms) pauses execution; use sparingly in complex programs (blocks everything)
• pinMode(pin, mode) sets a pin as INPUT, OUTPUT, or INPUT_PULLUP